TY  - JOUR
  - Gibbon, F. E., Yuen, I., Lee, A., ; Adams, L.
  - 2007
  - January
  - Advances In Speech-Language Pathology
  - Normal adult speakers' tongue palate contact patterns for alveolar oral and nasal stops
  - Published
  - ()
  - stops electropalatography EPG articulation disorder
  - 9
  - 1
  - 82
  - 89
  - This study compared tongue palate contact patterns for oral stops (/t/, /d/) with those for the nasal stop /n/ in order to provide normative data for diagnosing and treating individuals with speech disorders. Electropalatographic (EPG) data were recorded from 15 English speaking adults for word initial /t/, /d/ and /n/ in a high and a low vowel context. EPG frames were classified according to three criteria: (1) anterior constriction; (2) bilateral constriction; and (3) zero posterior central contact. Total amount of contact and variability were also measured. The results showed that almost all (99%) stops met Criteria 1 and 3, with fewer articulations (88% of /t/; 83% of /d/ and 55% of /n/) meeting Criterion 2. Although all stops had similar spatial patterns, /t/ and /d/ had more contact and were more likely to have bilateral constriction than /n/. There were no differences in variability between /t/, /d/ and /n/, however. The clinical implications of the results for the management of individuals with speech disorders are discussed.
  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040600954824
DA  - 2007/01
ER  - 

@article{V13251917,
   = {Gibbon, F. E., Yuen, I., Lee, A.,  and  Adams, L.},
   = {2007},
   = {January},
   = {Advances In Speech-Language Pathology},
   = {Normal adult speakers' tongue palate contact patterns for alveolar oral and nasal stops},
   = {Published},
   = {()},
   = {stops electropalatography EPG articulation disorder},
   = {9},
   = {1},
  pages = {82--89},
   = {{This study compared tongue palate contact patterns for oral stops (/t/, /d/) with those for the nasal stop /n/ in order to provide normative data for diagnosing and treating individuals with speech disorders. Electropalatographic (EPG) data were recorded from 15 English speaking adults for word initial /t/, /d/ and /n/ in a high and a low vowel context. EPG frames were classified according to three criteria: (1) anterior constriction; (2) bilateral constriction; and (3) zero posterior central contact. Total amount of contact and variability were also measured. The results showed that almost all (99%) stops met Criteria 1 and 3, with fewer articulations (88% of /t/; 83% of /d/ and 55% of /n/) meeting Criterion 2. Although all stops had similar spatial patterns, /t/ and /d/ had more contact and were more likely to have bilateral constriction than /n/. There were no differences in variability between /t/, /d/ and /n/, however. The clinical implications of the results for the management of individuals with speech disorders are discussed.}},
   = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040600954824},
  source = {IRIS}
}